I couldn't tell you about the birth of cyber-punk... but has anyone read The Moon is a Harsh Mistress, by Heinlein? That's the first novel I can remember that has a computer with a personality...
I'm sure Moebius was a big influence on those guys, back in the day... but I think the majority of this film holds its look to one guy,
Syd Mead. I'm lucky enough to own a few of his books, and the work is just incredible.
I find that the major differences between the book and the movie have more to do with morality than with anything else.
The script is a detective story, pure and simple, where the novel is a story about the decline of man and his attempt to find the moral ground he's lost... the Mercerism vs. Buster Friendly fight. Not to mention how the androids are trying to get their own rights by proving Mercerism false.
I think the movie uses the idea from the book, and that's about it. Not to knock the movie, I think it's perfect, but I don't think it's the most loyal of adaptations of Dick's work.
That would go to Total Recall, for me. It kept true to the paranoia of the character and his situation, even though Verhoeven made it hyper-violent, because that's his style.